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Abstract
Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is among the most common psychiatric complications of childbirth, yet in many Indonesian primary-care settings it goes undetected.
Objective. To estimate the prevalence of PPD risk and its associations with maternal characteristics among postpartum women attending a community midwifery facility in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 30 postpartum women were screened consecutively between October and November 2025 with the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Scores were banded as none (0–4), low (5–9), moderate (10–12) and high (>12). Prevalence was estimated with Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations with age, parity, education and occupation were tested with odds ratios (OR), Fisher's exact test, Firth-penalized logistic regression and Spearman correlation (p < 0.05).
Results. The mean EPDS score was 5.5 ± 3.0. Overall, 46.7% (95% CI 30.2–63.9) screened at risk (EPDS ≥5): 33.3% at low and 13.3% at moderate risk. In all, 13.3% (95% CI 5.3–29.7) reached the probable-depression threshold (≥10); none scored high. All four of these women were primiparas (4/13 versus 0/17 multiparas; Fisher exact p = 0.026). Lower maternal education correlated with higher symptom scores (Spearman ρ = −0.36, p = 0.039). Younger age (OR 4.44, 95% CI 0.82–23.95) and lower education (OR 2.73, 95% CI 0.65–11.55) showed positive but non-significant associations.
Conclusion. In this small single-site sample, nearly half of the women screened at risk and one in eight reached the probable-depression threshold. Routine EPDS screening with stepped referral in primary maternal care merits evaluation in larger, multi-site studies.
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